Know your 'intent' from your 'implementation'? Your 'substantive' from your 'disciplinary'? Check how much you know about these and other key terms. Share our handout with staff to help them brush up on their curriculum knowledge too.
What you want pupils to know and to be able to do. It's not a vision or mission statement
How you teach your intended curriculum
The extent to which pupils have learned what you intended them to learn, and how you know this
Examples
A long-term plan (such as a curriculum map), showing the knowledge and skills you want pupils to gain at each stage, and by the end of their time at school
Your rationale for why you've made these choices
Teaching methods
Classroom resources
Sequencing and structure
Assessment
Outcomes in externally set assessments
Pupils' destinations (e.g. further or higher education or employment)
Conversations with pupils that demonstrate they know, can do, and remember more than they did before
Curriculum breadth vs depth
Breadth of curriculum
Depth of curriculum
Definition
The range of subjects taught across the whole curriculum, and the span of knowledge within each subject
How deeply specific topics within each subject are studied
Examples
A broad curriculum focuses on all curriculum subjects (for example art, PE, PSHE) not just core subjects (English, maths and science)
A global history curriculum that spans a wide range of time periods and places
An RE curriculum that covers many religions (beyond Christianity, Islam and Judaism)
How deeply a pupil understands key concepts (e.g. can they explain the concepts in their own words or teach someone else?)
How well pupils understand the underlying links between different subjects and ideas
Substantive vs disciplinary knowledge
Sometimes known as declarative and procedural knowledge.
Substantive
Disciplinary
Definition
The content that is taught as fact
Understanding about how knowledge is established, verified and revised
Examples
Properties of materials
Rules of netball
Pythagoras' theorem
Events leading up to the First World War
Plot of Romeo and Juliet
How historians come to conclusions and judgements
Carrying out an experiment
Writing persuasively
Core vs hinterland knowledge
Core
Hinterland
Definition
Basic knowledge and facts to be learned and retained
Contextual knowledge, to provide deeper meaning, frame delivery, or give a sense of depth to a subject
Examples
Displacement and volume theory in maths
Basic understanding of safety in the home
World War 2 facts and dates
An anecdote about a mathematician e.g. Archimedes' bath story
Telling a personal story to explain the dangers of fire or household risks
Talking to grandparents about their experience of World War 2 or visiting places that were bombed
Concepts that enable pupils to better understand other ideas/concepts
Examples
Understanding characteristics of 2D shapes before exploring 3D shapes
Understanding gravity and friction, to aid understanding that external forces affect the motion of objects
Spaced interleaving
Definition
Organising and sequencing learning within other learning, rather than presenting learning as consecutive blocks
Examples
Introducing a new topic to assess current understanding, teaching unrelated content to allow thinking time, then recalling the new topic again to embed learning
Splitting humanities over the term rather than blocking weeks, e.g. alternating geography and history lessons within the term rather than having a 'geography term' and then a 'history term'
Recalling specific learning, e.g. what were we learning about this time yesterday?
Vertical vs horizontal structure
Vertical structure
Horizontal structure
Definition
Introducing curriculum aspects in an ongoing progression throughout the school year and as pupils progress through year groups (knowledge is built on prior learning)
Curriculum aspects are introduced to pupils in different year groups at the same time (knowledge is integrated and interrelated)
Examples
What pupils learn in one lesson is built on in the next
Pupils learning to write phonetically before being taught irregular spellings
Learning about Elizabethan London before teaching Shakespeare
A whole school theme taught at the same time to all year groups e.g. a whole school project on A Midsummer Night's Dream
Whole school assembly themes
Cumulative vs segmented vs spiral curriculum
Cumulative curriculum
Segmented curriculum
Spiral curriculum
Definition
Knowledge builds on and expands previous learning
Adds new skills or knowledge that are related to current context or events, or separate from existing knowledge
Revisits previous learning and adds new knowledge that is age- or stage-appropriate
Examples
New spelling and grammar concepts are introduced year-on-year
Maths skills and knowledge building on pre-existing maths skills and knowledge
Skills learned on a specific geography field trip
Skills are developed as part of a one-off project, e.g. fundraising for Red Nose Day
A one-off topic reflecting current events, e.g. teaching the history of the Olympics during the Olympics
Persuasive writing taught each year, with increasing complexity, e.g. from writing a short letter in year 1 to writing a complex argument in year 6
The same religious festivals are returned to each year, with increasingly complex knowledge taught each year
A curriculum can contain more than one of these approaches.
Context dependent vs independent
Context dependent
Context independent
Definition
Curriculum that is taught through pupils' lives or experiences
Curriculum that isn't related to pupils' lives or experiences
Examples
Teaching data handling using a class vote on pupils' favourite sport or food
Teaching about the history of the local area or community and how this relates to pupils' lives today (e.g. a project about the Empire Windrush)
Concepts in maths or science that are unrelated to personal experience
History that's taught without reference to pupils' modern day lives
The introduction of concepts beyond pupils' lived experience, e.g. what it's like to live in another country or be from another culture
Download this article and share it with your staff
Nina Siddall-Ward helped us with this article. Nina is an education consultant. She's the former head of standards and learning effectiveness for a large local authority. Nina has been a headteacher in 3 schools.
We also looked at a range of articles and practitioner blogs during our research for this article: